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Dr.Gopinath Panigrahi (27 February 1924 to 23 December 2004) Botanist,Ph.D. (University of Leeds), FBS, FLS (London), FIFS, FAST, the renowned plant taxonomist expert par excellence and an authority on botanical nomenclature in a lifetime devoted to Botany. This biography needs to be finalised for his work during the final few years of his life. == Salient findings == * Established (Tragus roxburghii Panigr. ) as a new species in 1974 to replace T. biflorus (Roxb.) Schult., nom. Illeg. (cf. Bor, 1960, 1970 vis-a-vis Saldanha & Nicolson, 1976). * Established a new Family (Tectariaceae Panigr. ) (1986) to replace Aspiciaceae Mett. et Frank, nom. illeg. and two new genera, Brachycaulos Dixit and Panigr. (1981) (Rosaceae) and Parahemionitis arifolia (N. Burm.) Panigr. replaces the old World taxon, Hemionitis arifolia (N.Burm.) T. Moore. * Selected the lectotypes for several taxa: the one involving Gymnogramma calomelanos var aureoflava Hook, (1862) changed the entire concept of Pteridologists all the world over (cf Tryon, 1962 and Tryon et Tryon, 1982). * His selection of Faure 646-bis (P) as the lectotype of Aspidium jaculosum Christ (1904) in 1975, was accepted by Holttum (1976). * Revised Isoetes L. in India (cf. Jermy, 1990); (Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigr. ) (1981) has been confirmed as a good species by Pant et al. (1993) through their SEM study of spores. * Resuscitated Polypodium griffithii Fee (1852) and transferred it to Thelypteris Schmidel as (T. griffithiana (Fee) Panigr. ) (1975). * Identified the West Himalayan taxon known to date as Diplazium polypodioides auctt. as (D. fieldingianum (Kunze) Panigr. ) (1975). * His hybridisation of a number of cytological types within Cyclosorus parasiticus complex (Panigrahi & Manton, 1958), Asplenium aethiopicum complex (Panigrahi, 1963), Aleuritipteris farinosa complex (Panigrahi, 1962) and Dryopteris villarii complex (Panigrahi, 1965), yielded significant new data to view the taxonomy of these taxa in new light and also to postulate the origin and migration of flora between Africa and India. Prof. R.E. Holttum (1976), Iwatsuki (1965) and A.R. Smith (1990) have referred to the work done on Cyclosorus as significant with regard to dominance and recessiveness of several characters. Discovery of a tetraploid cytotype in Dryopteris villarsii complex has led to Dryopteris submontana (Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy) Fraser-Jenkins being described as a new amphidiploid species in the European flora. * ''Cytotaxonomic studies in Indian Polypodiaceae'' have enabled him to postulate a hypothesis (Panigrahi & Patnaik, 1963) to explain the low percentage and grade of euploidy as due to its epiphytic habit, contrary to Manton's (1953) and Mehra's (1961) postulate on the subject of evolutionary trends amongst the tropical/subtropical ferns. Bir (1973) and Sota (1973) have referred to this hypothesis in their critical reviews of recent advances in the cytological evolution of ferns. * (''The Gandhamardan Hill range (of Baragarh and Balangir districts) of Orissa is a treasure house of medicinal plants'' ) * (''Gandhamardan – A treasure House of Medical Plants'' ): Gandhamardana has always attractedscientists interested in the study of plants. Evenwhen the are was inaccessible, British Scientistsand Botanists H.H. Haynes (1921–25) hadidentified several species of plants in this area.After 25 years i.e. in 1950 Herbert Munivisited this place and located 17 new speciesof plants. Later on renowned Oriya Botanist andScientist of the Botanical Survery of India Dr.Gopinath Panigrahi (1963) published researchpaper on 125 species of precious medicinal plantsavailable in the Gandhamardan. His paper wasbased on an extensive study made by him in thisarea. Realizing the rich potentiality of the areafor containing more varieties of medicinal plants,Dr. Gopinath Panighrhi re-visited the place onceagain in 1964 along with a group of his associateswho collected 300 varieties of species and herbsavailable in this area and prepared a catalogueon the basis of it. ''His scientific researches have also led to :'' (1) Theorising the mechanism of photoperiodic reaction and his proposing a formula confirms and extends the one advanced by F.G. Gregory, FRS (1948) (cf. Samantrai & Panigrahi, 1954a); (2) Synthesising 13 F1 hybrids in 4 fern genera (an achievement in itself judged against the chances of self-fertilisation in a fern prothallus bearing both antheridia and archegonia) and which do not lend themselves to emasculation and, therefore, ensure self-fertilisation) and meiotic analysis of these hybrids, have led him to postulate: (a) superdominance of the male genome in F1 hybrids of Cyclosorus parasiticus complex – an adaptation of Fischer's (1918) superdominance of gene-allele theory and to explain the phenomena of heterosis, patrocliny and reproductive precosis (Panigrahi, 1962, 1992). (b) Asplenium aethiopicum (12n) from Madeira as an old polyploid complex involving several stages of hybridisation and chromosome-doubling from seven putative diploid cytotypes (all presumably extinct and untraced) in the field up-to-date (Panigrahi, 1963). Braithwaite (in Botanical Journ. Linn. Soc., London (93: 343-378. 1986) observes that Panigrahi's 12n plant from Madeira is morphologically different from his 12n cytotype from South Africa, which he names Asplenium aethiopicum ssp. dodecaploideum Braithw. and the 12n plant from Madeira is morphologically similar to the 8n plant from South Africa and Sri Lanka-India identified with Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.) Becher. ssp. aethiopicum Asplenium furcatum Thumb.), a cytotaxonomist's paradox indeed. (c) Operation of complementary gene system for producing golden-yellow ceraceous covering on fronds in the F1 5n hybrid, an experimentally produced apogamous taxon in Aleuritopteris farinosa complex (Panigrahi, 1962b). (d) Probable ancestral parentage of several amphidoploid taxa. 3. Establishing the basic chromosome numbers in several genera of the Polypodiaceae (Panigrahi & Patnaik, 1961, and Patnaik & Panigrahi, 1963); Fuchs (1963) reviewed the paper in Nature (1961), in Amer. Fern J. 53 (1963) and paid glowing tribute to the authors; 4. Computer-analysis of 934 species of Indian grasses (Clayton & Panigrahi, 1974) established as many as seven endemic centres in the Indian Region, with 41% of species endemics; by the methods of cluster analysis and with the aid of 13 maps and a diagram based on Peter's ranking method, floristic relationships of the Indian grass flora with one or the other of 25 floristic regions delimited in the Old World, excluding the 14 areas in the Indian Region, were worked out. New evidence from computer studies was utilised to support Wagner's 'Theory of Continental Drift' and to include the Khasi-Nagaland-Manipur hill ranges and the Himalayas in the Holarctic Kingdom, although Good (1974) included these areas in the Palaeotropical Kingdom (cf. Takhtajan, 1986, Panigrahi, 1994). 5. Revision of several genera, viz. Pityrogramma, Thelypteris (ferns), Adenostemma, Dalhousea, Chlorphytum orchidastrum complex, Plantago p.p. and Toona (all angiosperms) at Kew and of Haplanthodes and Leptacanthus at Howrah, was completed. 6. In collaboration with his wife, Smt. S.G. Panigrahi (1977), they re-established Parkin's (1914) views on the theory of evolution of inflorescences and suggesting that the solitary axillary flower is the most primitive structure, from which the cymose (monotelic) and racemose (polytelic) inflorescences could have evolved, at least within the family Lythraceae. Merril and Metcalfe, who had the occasion to read through the manuscript, agreed that Lythraceae appear to unique in this respect. Supervision and guidance of researches in diverse fields In addition to supervision and guidance of researches done by a large body of Scientific/Herbarium Assistants associated with him during 1956 to 1982, as evidenced by several joint papers published during this period (see list of papers published), he supervised and guided researches of Research Scholars, 10 of whom have been awarded Ph.D. degrees by the universities of Utkal (1965), Calcutta (1984-1992), Berhampur (Ganjam) (1986, 1990), Sambalpur (1989, 1990) and Bihar (Muzaffarpur, 1993), on wide ranging subjects, viz. cytotaxonomy of the Polypodiciaceae of Eastern India (S.N. Patnaik); Flora of Bilaspur district, M.P. (S. Krishna Murti); Revision of the family Rosaceae in India (B.K. Dikshit, K.M. Purohit, Chhabi Ghora, and Arvind Kumar); Flora of Orissa: Polypetalae (S.C. Mishra) and Monocotyledons (A.K. Dubey); Flora of Koraput District, Orissa (P.K. Das) and Pteridophytic flora of the Tirap District, Arunachal Pradesh (Sarnam Singh). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gopinath Panigrahi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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